Ngokukhula kwenani labantu kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile etholakalayo iyancipha usuku nosuku.Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, imishini yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi ukuguqula amanzi olwandle abe amanzi ahlanzekile asebenzisekayo.Lesi sihloko sizokwethula indlela, isimiso sokusebenza kanye neshadi lokugeleza kwenqubo yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle.
1.Indlela yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle
Njengamanje, ukukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle ikakhulukazi kusebenzisa izindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo:
1.Indlela ye-distillation:
Ngokushisisa amanzi olwandle ukuze awaguqule abe umhwamuko wamanzi, bese ewapholisa nge-condenser ukuze awaguqule abe amanzi ahlanzekile.Ukukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle, kodwa izindleko zemishini yazo ziphezulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu.
2.Reverse osmosis indlela:
Amanzi olwandle ahlungwa ngolwelwesi olukwazi ukungena kancane (i-reverse osmosis membrane).I-membrane inosayizi omncane wembotshana futhi ama-molecule amanzi kuphela angadlula, ngakho-ke amanzi ahlanzekile angahlukaniswa.Le ndlela inokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nenqubo elula, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle.Imishini yokukhipha usawoti emanzini asolwandle Imishini yokukhipha usawoti emanzini nayo isetshenziswa ngale ndlela.
3.I-Electrodialysis:
Sebenzisa izici zama-ion ashajiwe ukuhamba endaweni kagesi ukuze uhlukanise.Ama-ion adlula kulwelwesi lokushintshana kwe-ion ukuze akhe izinhlangothi zombili zesixazululo se-dilute nesisombululo esigxilile.Ama-ion, ama-proton nama-electron kusixazululo se-dilute ahlukaniswa ngokushintshashintshayo ukuze akhe ama-ion amasha ukuze ashintshisane., ukuze uqaphele ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu, futhi kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa okwamanje.
2.Isimiso sokusebenza sokususa usawoti emanzini olwandle
Uma sithatha i-osmosis eguquguqukayo njengesibonelo, inqubo yokusebenza yemishini yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle imi kanje:
1.Ukulungiswa kwamanzi olwandle: nciphisa izinhlayiya, ukungcola nezinye izinto emanzini olwandle ngokusebenzisa i-sedimentation kanye nokuhlunga.
2.Lungisa ikhwalithi yamanzi: lungisa inani le-pH, ubulukhuni, usawoti, njll. amanzi ukuze awenze afanelekele i-osmosis ehlehlayo.
3.Reverse osmosis: Hlunga amanzi olwandle ashaywe ngaphambilini futhi alungisiwe ngolwelwesi lwe-osmosis olubuyela emuva ukuze uhlukanise amanzi ahlanzekile.
4. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile: amanzi ahlanzekile namanzi angcolile ahlukaniswa, futhi amanzi angcolile ayaphathwa futhi akhishwe.
3.Inqubo yokugeleza kweshadi lempahla yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle
Ishadi lokugeleza kwenqubo lempahla yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle limi kanje:
Ukulungiswa kwamanzi olwandle→ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi→i-osmosis ehlehlisayo→ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile
Ngamafuphi, ukukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini olwandle kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuxazulula inkinga yokushoda kwamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuya ngokuya kuba banzi.Izindlela ezihlukene zokukhipha usawoti emanzini zidinga ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene kanye nemishini, kodwa izimiso zokusebenza eziyisisekelo ziyefana.Ngokuzayo, imishini yokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle izobuye ibuyekezwe futhi ithuthukiswe kwezobuchwepheshe namathuluzi ukuze inikeze abantu izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa nezisebenza ngempumelelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-24-2023